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White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers
Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction
Habitat requirements
General concepts
Food requirements
Methods
used to gather data
Overall
use of forage classes
Seasonal
use of forages
Specific
seasonal deer diets
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Summary
Cover requirements
Water requirements
Space requirements
Habitat management
General concepts
Food management
Cover management
Water management
Space management
Population health/evaluation
Introduction & aging deer
Body size & antler characteristics
Fat deposits
Reproductive success
Population management
Introduction
Population inventory
Harvest
records
Deer
surveys
Population regulation
Potential
mng't goals
Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU
Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU
Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region
Glossary for Appendix C
Common names: crownbeard, gravelweed crownbeard
Scientific names: Verbesina Helianthoides
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Seasons of significant use: spring (for V. helianthoides-V. virginica complex)
Characteristics: Native, perennial, warm season forb to 3.5 feet. Leaves usually alternate, simple, basally decurrent on stem as wings, serrate on margins; inflorescence usually of 1-10 heads; both ray and disk flowers yellow, ray flowers usually not reflexed; fruit is an achene that is usually winged. Flowers May-October.
Plant community type: Occurs in semi-open, upland, wooded areas. Also reported to occur in open areas, but none seen on study area in this type.
More Plant Photos and Descriptions:
Appendix C: Plants by Common Name
Appendix C: Plants by Scientific Name
Appendix C: Plants Listed by Family