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White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers
Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction
Habitat requirements
General concepts
Food requirements
Methods
used to gather data
Overall
use of forage classes
Seasonal
use of forages
Specific
seasonal deer diets
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Summary
Cover requirements
Water requirements
Space requirements
Habitat management
General concepts
Food management
Cover management
Water management
Space management
Population health/evaluation
Introduction & aging deer
Body size & antler characteristics
Fat deposits
Reproductive success
Population management
Introduction
Population inventory
Harvest
records
Deer
surveys
Population regulation
Potential
mng't goals
Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU
Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU
Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region
Glossary for Appendix C
Common names: sweet everlasting, fragrant cudweed, fragrant everlasting, catfoot*
Scientific names: Gnaphalium obtusifolium (G. polycephalum)
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Seasons of significant use: fall, winter (for Antennaria parlinii-Gnaphalium spp. complex)
Characteristics: Native, annual, warm season forb to 2.0 feet. Stems usually erect, 1-several from base, often much branched above, woolly early at least on lower portions; leaves of stem alternate, simple, sessile, mostly linear to lanceolate, woolly on lower surface, hairless to sparsely woolly on upper surface becoming glandular and sticky to touch with age; when present, basal leaves are oblanceolate or spatulate; inflorescence dense. Flowers July-November.
Plant community type: Open uplands and bottomlands.
Comments: *This plant has the fragrance of "Bit o' Honey" candy. In the authors' opinions, it is unlikely that G. obtusifolium made up a significant portion of the A. parlinii-Gnaphlium spp. complex that was identified in the rumen samples. It is included here because it is microhistologically indistinguishable from the other 2 species mentioned. A small amount may have been consumed during the fall sampling periods while some of the herbage was still green yet extremely rank, but it is doubtful that it was used during the winter sampling periods due to its deteriorated state and apparent unpalatability. We feel that the majority of this complex identified in the rumen samples was probably made up of the leaves of the overwintering basal rosettes of A. parlinii and G. purpurem.
More Plant Photos and Descriptions:
Appendix C: Plants by Common Name
Appendix C: Plants by Scientific Name
Appendix C: Plants Listed by Family