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Important Deer Food Plants by Scientific Names
 
 
 

White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

    
Appendix C
Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Units
Listed by sscientific name
See Also: Photos Indexed by Common Name | Photos Indexed by Family Name
Scientific name Common name Family Relative occurrenceb
Acalypha gracilens Three-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae Common
Acalypha virginica Three-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Acer negundo Box elder Aceraceae Common
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed Asteraceae Common
Ambrosia bidentata Lanceleaf ragweed Asteraceae Common
Ambrosia psilostachya Western ragweed Asteraceae Abundant
Ambrosia trifida Giant ragweed, horseweed Asteraceae Common
Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Fabaceae Scattered
Antennaria parlinii Plainleaf pussytoes Asteraceae Common
Bidens aristosa Coreopsis beggar-ticks Asteraceae Scattered
Bromus japonicus Japanese brome Gramineae Common
Bromus pubescens Canada brome Gramineae Scarce
Bromus tectorum Downy brome Gramineae Common
Bromus unioloides Rescue grass Gramineae Scattered
Callirhoe alcaeoides Pink poppy mallow Malvaceae Scattered
Cassia fasciculata Partridge pea Fabaceae Common
Cassia nictitans Sensitive pea Fabaceae Scattered
Cerastium glomeratum Clammy chickweed Caryophyllaceae Scattered
Cocculus carolinus Carolina snail-seed, moonseed Menispermaceae Common
Conyza canadensis Horseweed, mare’s tail Asteraceae Common
Cornus drummondii Rough-leaved dogwood Cornaceae Scattered
Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Cornaceae Scattered
Croton capitatus Woolly croton, hogwort Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Croton glandulosus Croton, tropic croton Euphorbiaceae Common
Croton lindheimerianus Three-seeded croton Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Croton monanthogynus One-seeded croton Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Desmodium canescens Hoary tick clover, beggar’s-lice Fabaceae Scattered
Desmodium ciliare Tick trefoil, littleleaf tick clover Fabaceae Common
Desmodium cuspidatum Longleaf tick clover Fabaceae Scarce
Desmodium paniculatum Panicled tick clover Fabaceae Common
Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile tick clover Fabaceae Common
Dichanthelium clandestinum Deertongue dichanthelium Gramineae Scarce
Dichanthelium lanuginosum Woolly dichanthelium Gramineae Common
Dichanthelium laxiflorum Open flower dichanthelium Gramineae Scattered
Dichanthelium oligosanthes Scribner’s dichanthelium Gramineae Common
Dichanthelium ravenelii Bosc dichanthelium Gramineae Scattered
Dichanthelium scoparium Velvet dichanthelium Gramineae Scattered
Eclipta prostrata Yerba de tajo Asteraceae Scattered
Eragrostis curvula Weeping love grass Gramineae Abundant
Festuca arundinacea Tall fescue Gramineae Abundant
Galium aparine Catchweed bedstraw Rubiaceae Scattered
Galium circaezans Weed bedstraw, wild licorice Rubiaceae Scattered
Galium pilosum Hairy bedstraw Rubiaceae Scattered
Geranium carolinianum Carolina cranesbill Geraniaceae Common
Geum canadense White avens, redroot Rosaceae Scattered
Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust Fabaceae Common
Gnaphalium obtusifolium Sweet everlasting, fragrant cudweed Asteraceae Scattered
Gnaphalium purpureum Purple cudweed Asteraceae Scarce
Lespedeza capitata Bush clover, roundhead lespedeza Fabaceae Scarce
Lespedeza cuneata Sericea lespedeza Fabaceae Common
Lespedeza procumbens Trailing lespedeza Fabaceae Common
Lespedeza repens Creeping lespedeza Fabaceae Scattered
Lespedeza stipulacea Korean clover, Korean lespedeza Fabaceae Scattered
Lespedeza striata Japanese clover, common lespedeza Fabaceae Common
Lespedeza stuevei Stuve’s lespedeza Fabaceae Scattered
Lespedeza virginica Slender lespedeza Fabaceae Scattered
Maclura pomifera Osage orange, bois d’arc Moraceae Abundant
Medicago orbicularis Button clover, button medic Fabaceae Scarce
Melilotus albus White sweet clover Fabaceae Common
Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet clover Fabaceae Common
Oxalis dillenii Yellow wood sorrel Oxalidaceae Common
Polygonum aviculare Prostrate knotweed Polygonaceae Scarce
Polygonum convolvulus Wild buckwheat, dullseed cornbind Polygonaceae Scarce
Polygonum hydropiperoides Mild water pepper, swamp smartweed   Polygonaceae Scattered
Polygonum lapathifolium Curltop smartweed, pale smartweed Polygonaceae Scattered
Polygonum pensylvanicum Pennsylvania smartweed Polygonaceae Scattered
Polygonum persicaria Lady’s thumb, spotted smartweed Polygonaceae Scattered
Polygonum punctatum Water smartweed, dotted smartweed Polygonaceae Scattered
Polygonum virginianum Virginia knotweed, jumpseed Polygonaceae Scattered
Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum, sandhill plum Rosaceae Scarce
Prunus mexicana Big-tree plum, Mexican plum Rosaceae Common
Prunus rivularis Creek plum, hog plum Rosaceae Scarce
Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak Fagaceae Scattered
Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak Fagaceae Common
Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin oak Fagaceae Scattered
Quercus shumardii Shumard’s oak, southern red oak Fagaceae Scattered
Quercus stellata Post oak Fagaceae Abundant
Quercus velutina Black oak Fagaceae Common
Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumac, skunkbush Anacardiaceae Common
Rhus copallina Winged sumac, dwarf sumac Anacardiaceae Scattered
Rhus glabra Smooth sumac Anacardiaceae Scattered
Secale cereale Rye Gramineae Scarce
Smilax bona-nox Greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier Liliaceae Common
Smilax tamnoides Bristly greenbrier Liliaceae Scattered
Sorghum bicolor Sorghum Gramineae Scarce
Stellaria media Common chickweed Caryophyllaceae Scarce
Strophostyles helvola Wild bean Fabaceae Scattered
Strophostyles leiosperma Smooth seed wild bean Fabaceae Common
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus   Coralberry, buckbrush Caprifoliaceae Abundant
Torilis arvensis Hedge parsley Apiaceae Common
Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy Anacardiaceae Common
Trifolium campestre Plains clover, low hop clover Fabaceae Common
Trifolium dubium Small hop clover, shamrock Fabaceae Scattered
Trifolium repens White clover, ladino clover Fabaceae Common
Triticum aestivum Wheat Gramineae Scattered
Ulmus alata Winged elm Ulmaceae Abundant
Verbena urticifolia White vervain, white verbena Verbenaceae Scattered
Verbesina alternifolia Yellow ironweed, wingstem Asteraceae Scattered
Verbesina helianthoides Crownbeard Asteraceae Scarce
Verbesina virginica White crownbeard, frostweed Asteraceae Scattered
Vicia minutiflora Small-flowered vetch Fabaceae Scarce
Vicia sativa Narrowleaf vetch, common vetch Fabaceae Scattered
Vicia villosa Hairy vetch, woollypod vetch Fabaceae Scattered
Vitis spp. Grapes Vitaceae Scattered

 
a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns.

b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence:

  • Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas.
    Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas.
    Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community
    Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed.
  • Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as “scarce.”

 

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