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Important Deer Food Plants by Family
 
 
 

White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

    
Appendix C
Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Unita
Listed by family name
See Also: Photos Indexed by Common Name | Photos Indexed by Scientific Name
Family Scientific name Common name Relative occurrenceb
Aceraceae Acer negundo Box elder Common
Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumac, skunkbush Common
Anacardiaceae Rhus copallina Winged sumac, dwarf sumac Scattered
Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra Smooth sumac Scattered
Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy Common
Apiaceae Torilis arvensis Hedge parsley Common
Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed Common
Asteraceae Ambrosia bidentata Lanceleaf ragweed Common
Asteraceae Ambrosia psilostachya Western ragweed Abundant
Asteraceae Ambrosia trifida Giant ragweed, horseweed Common
Asteraceae Antennaria parlinii Plainleaf pussytoes Common
Asteraceae Bidens aristosa Coreopsis beggar-ticks Scattered
Asteraceae Conyza canadensis Horseweed, mare’s tail Common
Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Yerba de tajo Scattered
Asteraceae Gnaphalium obtusifolium Sweet everlasting, fragrant cudweed Scattered
Asteraceae Gnaphalium purpureum Purple cudweed Scarce
Asteraceae Verbesina alternifolia Yellow ironweed, wingstem Scattered
Asteraceae Verbesina helianthoides Crownbeard Scarce
Asteraceae Verbesina virginica White crownbeard, frostweed Scattered
Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry, buckbrush Abundant
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Clammy chickweed Scattered
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Common chickweed Scarce
Cornaceae Cornus drummondii Rough-leaved dogwood Scattered
Cornaceae Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha gracilens Three-seeded mercury Common
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha virginica Three-seeded mercury Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Croton capitatus Woolly croton, hogwort Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Croton glandulosus Croton, tropic croton Common
Euphorbiaceae Croton lindheimerianus Three-seeded croton Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Croton monanthogynus One-seeded croton Scattered
       
Family Scientific name Common name Relative occurrenceb
Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Scattered
Fabaceae Cassia fasciculata Partridge pea Common
Fabaceae Cassia nictitans Sensitive pea Scattered
Fabaceae Desmodium canescens Hoary tick clover, beggar’s-lice Scattered
Fabaceae Desmodium ciliare Tick trefoil, littleleaf tick clover Common
Fabaceae Desmodium cuspidatum Longleaf tick clover Scarce
Fabaceae Desmodium paniculatum Panicled tick clover Common
Fabaceae Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile tick clover Common
Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza capitata Bush clover, roundhead lespedeza Scarce
Fabaceae Lespedeza cuneata Sericea lespedeza Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza procumbens Trailing lespedeza Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza repens Creeping lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza stipulacea Korean clover, Korean lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza striata Japanese clover, common lespedeza Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza stuevei Stuve’s lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza virginica Slender lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Medicago orbicularis Button clover, button medic Scarce
Fabaceae Melilotus albus White sweet clover Common
Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet clover Common
Fabaceae Strophostyles helvola Wild bean Scattered
Fabaceae Strophostyles leiosperma Smooth seed wild bean Common
Fabaceae Trifolium campestre Plains clover, low hop clover Common
Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Small hop clover, shamrock Scattered
Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover, ladino clover Common
Fabaceae Vicia minutiflora Small-flowered vetch Scarce
Fabaceae Vicia sativa Narrowleaf vetch, common vetch Scattered
Fabaceae Vicia villosa Hairy vetch, woollypod vetch Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak Common
Fagaceae Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin oak Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus shumardii Shumard’s oak, southern red oak Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus stellata Post oak Abundant
Fagaceae Quercus velutina Black oak Common
       
Family Scientific name Common name Relative occurrenceb
Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum Carolina cranesbill Common
Gramineae Bromus japonicus Japanese brome Common
Gramineae Bromus pubescens Canada brome Scarce
Gramineae Bromus tectorum Downy brome Common
Gramineae Bromus unioloides Rescue grass Scattered
Gramineae Dichanthelium clandestinum   Deertongue dichanthelium Scarce
Gramineae Dichanthelium lanuginosum Woolly dichanthelium Common
Gramineae Dichanthelium laxiflorum Open flower dichanthelium Scattered
Gramineae Dichanthelium oligosanthes Scribner’s dichanthelium Common
Gramineae Dichanthelium ravenelii Bosc dichanthelium Scattered
Gramineae Dichanthelium scoparium Velvet dichanthelium Scattered
Gramineae Eragrostis curvula Weeping love grass Abundant
Gramineae Festuca arundinacea Tall fescue Abundant
Gramineae Secale cereale Rye Scarce
Gramineae Sorghum bicolor Sorghum Scarce
Gramineae Triticum aestivum Wheat Scattered
Liliaceae Smilax bona-nox Greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier Common
Liliaceae Smilax tamnoides Bristly greenbrier Scattered
Malvaceae Callirhoe involucrata Purple poppy mallow, wine-cup Common
Menispermaceae Cocculus carolinus Carolina snail-seed, moonseed Common
Moraceae Maclura pomifera Osage orange, bois d’arc Abundant
Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii Yellow wood sorrel Common
Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare Prostrate knotweed Scarce
Polygonaceae Polygonum convolvulus Wild buckwheat, dullseed cornbind Scarce
Polygonaceae Polygonum hydropiperoides Mild water pepper, swamp smartweed Scattered
Polygonaceae Polygonum lapathifolium Curltop smartweed, pale smartweed Scattered
Polygonaceae Polygonum pensylvanicum Pennsylvania smartweed Scattered
Polygonaceae Polygonum persicaria Lady’s thumb, spotted smartweed Scattered
Polygonaceae Polygonum punctatum Water smartweed, dotted smartweed Scattered
Polygonaceae Polygonum virginianum Virginia knotweed, jumpseed Scattered
Rosaceae Geum canadense White avens, redroot Scattered
Rosaceae Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum, sandhill plum Scarce
Rosaceae Prunus mexicana Big-tree plum, Mexican plum Common
Rosaceae Prunus rivularis Creek plum, hog plum Scarce
Rubiaceae Galium aparine Catchweed bedstraw Scattered
Rubiaceae Galium circaezans Weed bedstraw, wild licorice Scattered
Rubiaceae Galium pilosum Hairy bedstraw Scattered
Ulmaceae Ulmus alata Winged elm Abundant
Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia White vervain, white verbena Scattered
Vitaceae Vitis spp. Grapes Scattered

 
a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns.

b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence:

  • Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas.
    Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas.
    Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community
    Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed.
  • Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as "scarce."
  Previous: Appendix B: Composition of Deer Diets on NFWU      

 

  
         
       
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