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Plants of the NFWU: Family Name, G-N
 
 
 

White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

    
Appendix A
Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Unita
Listed by family name: G-N
Family Scientific name Common name Relative
occurrenceb
Gentianaceae Sabatia campestris Prairie rose, meadow pink Scattered
Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum Carolina cranesbill Common
Gramineae Agrostis hyemalis Winter bent grass, tickle grass Unknown
Gramineae Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem Common
Gramineae Andropogon virginicus Broom sedge bluestem Abundant
Gramineae Aristida dichotoma Church mouse three-awn Unknown
Gramineae Aristida oligantha Old-field three-awn Unknown
Gramineae Aristida purpurascens Arrowfeather three-awn Unknown
Gramineae Aristida purpurea Purple three-awn Unknown
Gramineae Arundinaria gigantea Giant cane Scattered
Gramineae Bothriochloa saccharoides Silver bluestem Scattered
Gramineae Bouteloua curtipendula Side oats grama Scarce
Gramineae Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy grama Scarce
Gramineae Brachiaria platyphylla Broadleaf signal grass Scarce
Gramineae Bromus japonicus Japanese brome Common
Gramineae Bromus pubescens Canada brome Scarce
Gramineae Bromus tectorum Downy brome Common
Gramineae Bromus unioloides Rescue grass Scattered
Gramineae Buchloe dactyloides Buffalo grass Scarce
Gramineae Cenchrus incertus Sandbur, grass bur Scattered
Gramineae Chasmanthium latifolium Inland sea oats Common
Gramineae Cinna arundinacea Stout woodreed Scattered
Gramineae Coelorachis cylindrica Carolina jointtail, joint grass Scarce
Gramineae Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass Abundant
Gramineae Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Scarce
Gramineae Diarrhena americana Beakgrain Unknown
Gramineae Dichanthelium clandestinum   Deertongue dichanthelium Scarce
Gramineae Dichanthelium lanuginosum Woolly dichanthelium Common
Gramineae Dichanthelium laxiflorum Open flower dichanthelium Scattered
Gramineae Dichanthelium oligosanthes Scribner’s dichanthelium Common
Gramineae Dichanthelium ravenelii Bosc dichanthelium Scattered
Gramineae Dichanthelium scoparium Velvet dichanthelium Scattered
Gramineae Digitaria sanguinalis Hairy crabgrass Common
Gramineae Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyard grass Scattered
Gramineae Eleusine indica Goose grass Scarce
Gramineae Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye Common
Gramineae Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye Scattered
Gramineae Eragrostis curtipedicellata Gummy love grass Unknown
Gramineae Eragrostis curvula Weeping love grass Abundant
Gramineae Eragrostis secundiflora Red love grass Scattered
Gramineae Eriochloa contracta Prairie cup grass Scarce
Gramineae Festuca arundinacea Tall fescue Abundant
Gramineae Hordeum pusillum Little barley Scattered
Gramineae Leersia virginica White grass Scarce
Gramineae Leptoloma cognatum Fall witchgrass Scattered
Gramineae Lolium perenne Ryegrass Common
Gramineae Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimble will Unknown
Gramineae Muhlenbergia sobolifera Rocky muhly Unknown
Gramineae Panicum anceps Beaked panicum Common
Gramineae Panicum capillare Common witchgrass Scattered
Gramineae Panicum obtusum Vine mesquite Scattered
Gramineae Panicum virgatum Switch grass, fall switch grass Scattered
Gramineae Paspalum dilatatum Dallis grass Scattered
Gramineae Paspalum floridanum Florida paspalum Scattered
Gramineae Paspalum laeve Field paspalum Scattered
Gramineae Paspalum setaceum Thin paspalum, fringeleaf paspalum Common
Gramineae Phalaris canariensis Canary grass Scarce
Gramineae Phalaris caroliniana Carolina canary grass, maygrass Scarce
Gramineae Poa chapmaniana Chapman bluegrass Scarce
Gramineae Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Scarce
Gramineae Schedonnardus paniculatus Tumble grass Scarce
Gramineae Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem Abundant
Gramineae Secale cereale Rye Scarce
Gramineae Setaria geniculata Knotroot bristle grass Common
Gramineae Setaria glauca Yellow bristle grass Scattered
Gramineae Setaria italica Foxtail millet Scarce
Gramineae Setaria viridis Green bristle grass Scarce
Gramineae Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass Common
Gramineae Sorghum bicolor Sorghum Scarce
Gramineae Sorghum halepense Johnson grass Common
Gramineae Sphenopholis obtusata Prairie wedge scale Unknown
Gramineae Sporobolus asper Meadow dropseed Unknown
Gramineae Sporobolus cryptandrus Sand dropseed Unknown
Gramineae Sporobolus pyramidatus Whorled dropseed Scarce
Gramineae Tridens albescens White tridens Scarce
Gramineae Tridens flavus Purpletop Common
Gramineae Tridens strictus Longspike tridens Scattered
Gramineae Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gama grass Scarce
Gramineae Triticum aestivum Wheat Scattered
Gramineae Vulpia octoflora Common six-weeks grass Unknown
Gramineae Zizaniopsis miliacea Southern wild rice, giant cut-grass Scarce
Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia hirsuta Hairy blue curls, phacelia Scarce
Hypericaceae Hypericum drummondii Nits-and-lice Scarce
Hypericaceae Hypericum hypericoides Saint-Andrew’s-cross Scattered
Hypericaceae Hypericum punctatum Spotted Saint-John’s-wort Scattered
Iridaceae Iris spp. (propagated) Iris, flag Scarce
Iridaceae Nemastylis geminiflora Celestial lily, prairie iris Scarce
Iridaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium Blue-eyed grass Scattered
Juglandaceae Carya aquatica Water hickory Scarce
Juglandaceae Carya illinoensis Pecan Common
Juglandaceae Carya texana Black hickory Common
Juglandaceae Juglans nigra Black walnut Scarce
Juncaceae Juncus spp. Rushes Scattered
Lamiaceae Glecoma hederacea Ground ivy Unknown
Lamiaceae Hedeoma hispidum Rough pennyroyal Unknown
Lamiaceae Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Common
Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus American bugleweed Scarce
Lamiaceae Monarda fistulosa Wild bergamot Scattered
Lamiaceae Monarda punctata Horsemint, spotted bee balm Scattered
Lamiaceae Monarda russeliana Red-spotted horsemint Scattered
Lamiaceae Perilla frutescens Common perilla Scarce
Lamiaceae Physostegia angustifolia Narrowleaf lion’s-heart Unknown
Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris Common self-heal, heal-all Scattered
Lamiaceae Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountain mint Scarce
Lamiaceae Salvia azurea Azure blue sage Scarce
Lamiaceae Salvia lyrata Lyreleaf sage Unknown
Lamiaceae Scutellaria parvula Small skullcap Scarce
Lamiaceae Stachys tenuifolia Slenderleaf betony Scattered
Lamiaceae Teucrium canadense American germander Scattered
Liliaceae Allium canadense Wild onion, Canada garlic Scattered
Liliaceae Allium drummondii Drummond’s wild onion Scattered
Liliaceae Nothoscordum bivalve Crow poison Scattered
Liliaceae Smilax bona-nox Greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier Common
Liliaceae Smilax tamnoides Bristly greenbrier Scattered
Liliaceae Zigadenus nuttallii Death camas Scarce
Linaceae Linum medium Sucker flax Unknown
Linaceae Linum sulcatum Grooved flax Scarce
Lobeliaceae Lobelia appendiculata Earflower lobelia Scarce
Lobeliaceae Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower Scarce
Lobeliaceae Lobelia spicata Palespike lobelia Scarce
Loganiaceae Polypremum procumbens Juniperleaf Scarce
Loranthaceae Phoradendron serotinum Mistletoe Scattered
Lythraceae Ammannia coccinea Toothcup, purple ammania Scattered
Lythraceae Cuphea viscosissima Blue waxweed, clammy cuphea Scarce
Lythraceae Lythrum alatum Loosestrife Scattered
Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf, Indian mallow Scarce
Malvaceae Callirhoe alcaeoides Pink poppy mallow Scattered
Malvaceae Callirhoe involucrata Purple poppy mallow, wine-cup Common
Malvaceae Hibiscus militaris Scarlet rose mallow Unknown
Malvaceae Sida spinosa Prickly sida, mallow Scarce
Marantaceae Thalia dealbata Powdery thalia Scarce
Menispermaceae Cocculus carolinus Carolina snail-seed, moonseed Common
Mimosaceae Acacia angustissima Prairie acacia Scattered
Mimosaceae Albizia julibrissin Mimosa, baby’s breath Scarce
Mimosaceae Neptunia lutea Yellow neptunia Scattered
Mimosaceae Schrankia nuttallii Catclaw sensitive brier Scattered
Moraceae Maclura pomifera Osage orange, bois d’arc Abundant
Moraceae Morus rubra Red mulberry Scattered
Nymphaeaceae Nelumbo lutea Lotus lily, American lotus Scarce
Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvatica Black gum, water tupelo Scarce

 
a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns.

b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence:

  • Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas.
    Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas.
    Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community
    Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed.
  • Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as “scarce.”
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