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Plants of the NFWU: Family Name, B-F
 
 
 

White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

    
Appendix A
Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Unita
Listed by family name: B-F
Family Scientific name Common name Relative
occurrenceb
Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis Spotted touch-me-not Scarce
Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple Scattered
Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans Trumpet vine Common
Bignoniaceae Catalpa speciosa Cigar tree, northern catalpa Scarce
Boraginaceae Heliotropium indicum India heliotrope, turnsole Scarce
Boraginaceae Lithospermum incisum Narrowleaf puccoon, fringed puccoon Scarce
Boraginaceae Myosotis verna Early scorpion grass Unknown
Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s purse Scattered
Brassicaceae Lepidium densiflorum Peppergrass Common
Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum Virginia peppergrass Scarce
Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris Bog yellow cress Scattered
Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense Field pennycress, stinkweed Scarce
Cactaceae Opuntia engelmannii Engelmann prickly pear Scattered
Cactaceae Opuntia leptocaulis Pencil cholla Scarce
Campanulaceae Triodanis perfoliata Clasping Venus’s looking-glass Scattered
Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle Scarce
Caprifoliaceae Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Scattered
Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry, buckbrush Abundant
Caprifoliaceae Viburnum rufidulum Rusty black haw Common
Caryophyllaceae Arenaria drummondii Drummond sandwort Scattered
Caryophyllaceae Arenaria patula Sandwort Unknown
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum Common mouse-ear chickweed Scattered
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Clammy chickweed Scattered
Caryophyllaceae Silene stellata Starry campion Scattered
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Common chickweed Scarce
Celastraceae Euonymus atropurpureus Wahoo, burning bush Scarce
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album Lamb’s-quarters Scattered
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican tea, wormseed, goosefoot Scattered
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium leptophyllum Slimleaf goosefoot Scarce
Cistaceae Lechea villosa Pinweed Unknown
Commelinaceae Commelina communis Dayflower Scarce
Commelinaceae Commelina erecta Erect dayflower Scarce
Commelinaceae Tradescantia ohioensis Ohio spiderwort Scattered
Convolvulaceae Cuscuta spp. Dodders Scattered
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea nil Ivyleaf morning glory Scattered
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pandurata Wild potato vine Scattered
Cornaceae Cornus drummondii Rough-leaved dogwood Scattered
Cornaceae Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Scattered
Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita foetidissima Buffalo gourd, wild pumpkin Scarce
Cucurbitaceae Melothria pendula Drooping melonette Scarce
Cucurbitaceae Sicyos angulatus One-seeded bur cucumber Unknown
Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar Scattered
Cyperaceae Carex spp. Sedges Common
Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus Yellow nut grass, chufa Scattered
Cyperaceae Cyperus ovularis Globe flat sedge Common
Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. Flat sedges Common
Cyperaceae Eleocharis spp. Spikes edges Scarce
Cyperaceae Rhynchospora spp. Beak rushes Unknown
Cyperaceae Scirpus spp. Bulrushes Unknown
Cyperaceae Scleria spp. Nut rushes Unknown
Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Scarce
Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Scarce
Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn olive Scarce
Ericaceae Vaccinium arboreum Farkleberry Scarce
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha gracilens Three-seeded mercury Common
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha virginica Three-seeded mercury Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Argythamnia humilis Wild mercury Scarce
Euphorbiaceae Cnidoscolus texanus Bull nettle Scarce
Euphorbiaceae Croton capitatus Woolly croton, hogwort Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Croton glandulosus Croton, tropic croton Common
Euphorbiaceae Croton lindheimerianus Three-seeded croton Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Croton monanthogynus One-seeded croton Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia dentata Toothed spurge Unknown
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla Painted euphorbia, catalina Scarce
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia maculata Spotted euphorbia Scarce
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia nutans Eyebane Unknown
Euphorbiaceae Stillingia sylvatica Queen’s-delight Scattered
Euphorbiaceae Tragia betonicifolia Nettleleaf, noseburn Scattered
Fabaceae Amorpha canescens Leadplant Scarce
Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Scattered
Fabaceae Amphicarpa bracteata Hog peanut Scarce
Fabaceae Baptisia bracteata Plains wild indigo Scattered
Fabaceae Cassia fasciculata Partridge pea Common
Fabaceae Cassia marilandica Wild senna Scarce
Fabaceae Cassia nictitans Sensitive pea Scattered
Fabaceae Cassia obtusifolia Sicklepod Scarce
Fabaceae Cassia occidentalis Coffee senna, coffeeweed Scarce
Fabaceae Cercis canadensis Redbud Common
Fabaceae Clitoria mariana Butterfly pea, pigeonwings Scarce
Fabaceae Crotalaria sagittalis Rattlebox Scarce
Fabaceae Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois bundleflower Scattered
Fabaceae Desmanthus leptolobus Bundleflower, prairie bundleflower Scattered
Fabaceae Desmodium canescens Hoary tick clover, beggar’s-lice Scattered
Fabaceae Desmodium ciliare Tick trefoil, littleleaf tick clover Common
Fabaceae Desmodium cuspidatum Longleaf tick clover Scarce
Fabaceae Desmodium paniculatum Panicled tick clover Common
Fabaceae Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile tick clover Common
Fabaceae Galactia regularis Downy milk pea Scarce
Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust Common
Fabaceae Lathyrus hirsutus Singletary peavine Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza capitata Bush clover, roundhead lespedeza Scarce
Fabaceae Lespedeza cuneata Sericea lespedeza Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza procumbens Trailing lespedeza Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza repens Creeping lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza stipulacea Korean clover, Korean lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza striata Japanese clover, common lespedeza Common
Fabaceae Lespedeza stuevei Stuve’s lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Lespedeza virginica Slender lespedeza Scattered
Fabaceae Medicago orbicularis Button clover, button medic Scarce
Fabaceae Melilotus albus White sweet clover Common
Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet clover Common
Fabaceae Petalostemon candidum White prairie clover Scarce
Fabaceae Petalostemon purpureum Purple prairie clover Scattered
Fabaceae Psoralea tenuiflora Wild alfalfa, scurfy pea Scarce
Fabaceae Rhynchosia latifolia Broadleaf snoutbean Scarce
Fabaceae Robinia hispida Rose acacia Scarce
Fabaceae Robinia pseudo-acacia Black locust Scarce
Fabaceae Sesbania macrocarpa Coffee-bean sesbania Scarce
Fabaceae Sophora affinis Eve’s necklace Scarce
Fabaceae Strophostyles helvola Wild bean Scattered
Fabaceae Strophostyles leiosperma Smooth seed wild bean Common
Fabaceae Stylosanthes biflora Pencil flower Scarce
Fabaceae Trifolium campestre Plains clover, low hop clover Common
Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Small hop clover, shamrock Scattered
Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover, ladino clover Common
Fabaceae Trifolium vesiculosum Arrowleaf clover Scattered
Fabaceae Vicia minutiflora Small-flowered vetch Scarce
Fabaceae Vicia sativa Narrowleaf vetch, common vetch Scattered
Fabaceae Vicia villosa Hairy vetch, woollypod vetch Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak Common
Fagaceae Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin oak Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus shumardii Shumard’s oak, southern red oak Scattered
Fagaceae Quercus stellata Post oak Abundant
Fagaceae Quercus velutina Black oak Common
Fumariaceae Corydalis micrantha Slender fumewort Scarce

 
a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns.

b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence:

  • Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas.
    Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas.
    Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community
    Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed.
  • Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as “scarce.”
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