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Plants of the NFWU: Common Name, M-R
 
 
 

White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

    
Appendix A
Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Unita
Listed by common name: M-R
Common name Scientific name Family Relative
occurrenceb
Maximilian sunflower Helianthus maximiliani Asteraceae Scarce
Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum Berberidaceae Scattered
Maypop passionflower Passiflora incarnata Passifloraceae Scattered
Meadow dropseed Sporobolus asper Gramineae Unknown
Mexican tea, wormseed, goosefoot Chenopodium ambrosioides   Chenopodiaceae Scattered
Mild water pepper, swamp smartweed Polygonum hydropiperoides Polygonaceae Scattered
Mimosa, baby’s breath Albizia julibrissin Mimosaceae Scarce
Missouri Basin goldenrod Solidago missouriensis Asteraceae Scattered
Mist flower Eupatorium coelestinum Asteraceae Scattered
Mistletoe Phoradendron serotinum Loranthaceae Scattered
Multiflora rose, Japanese rose Rosa multiflora Rosaceae Scarce
Mushrooms     Unknown
Narrow-leaved evening primrose Oenothera linifolia Onagraceae Scarce
Narrowleaf false ragweed Iva angustifolia Asteraceae Scarce
Narrowleaf gayfeather Liatris mucronata Asteraceae Scattered
Narrowleaf lion’s-heart Physostegia angustifolia Lamiaceae Unknown
Narrowleaf puccoon, fringed puccoon   Lithospermum incisum Boraginaceae Scarce
Narrowleaf vetch, common vetch Vicia sativa Fabaceae Scattered
Nettleleaf, noseburn Tragia betonicifolia Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Nimble will Muhlenbergia schreberi Gramineae Unknown
Nits-and-lice Hypericum drummondii Hypericaceae Scarce
Nut rushes Scleria spp. Cyperaceae Unknown
Nuttall’s mock bishop-weed Ptilimnium nuttallii Apiaceae Scattered
Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia ohioensis Commelinaceae Scattered
Old-field three-awn Aristida oligantha Gramineae Unknown
Old-field toadflax Linaria canadensis Scrophulariaceae   Common
One-seeded bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus Cucurbitaceae Unknown
One-seeded croton Croton monanthogynus Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Open flower dichanthelium Dichanthelium laxiflorum Gramineae Scattered
Orchard grass Dactylis glomerata Gramineae Scarce
Osage orange, bois d’arc Maclura pomifera Moraceae Abundant
Painted euphorbia, catalina Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbiaceae Scarce
Pale coneflower Echinacea pallida Asteraceae Unknown
Palespike lobelia Lobelia spicata Lobeliaceae Scarce
Palmer’s pigweed, careless weed Amaranthus palmeri Amaranthaceae Scarce
Panicled tick clover Desmodium paniculatum Fabaceae Common
Partridge pea Cassia fasciculata Fabaceae Common
Peach Prunus persica Rosaceae Scarce
Pecan Carya illinoensis Juglandaceae Common
Pencil cholla Opuntia leptocaulis Cactaceae Scarce
Pencil flower Stylosanthes biflora Fabaceae Scarce
Pennsylvania smartweed Polygonum pensylvanicum Polygonaceae Scattered
Penstemons, beardtongues Penstemon spp. Scrophulariaceae Unknown
Pepper vine Ampelopsis arborea Vitaceae Scarce
Peppergrass Lepidium densiflorum Brassicaceae Common
Persimmon Diospyros virginiana Ebenaceae Scarce
Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus Asteraceae Scattered
Pink milkwort Polygala incarnata Polygalaceae Scarce
Pink poppy mallow Callirhoe alcaeoides Malvaceae Scattered
Pinweed Lechea villosa Cistaceae Unknown
Pitcher’s clematis, leatherflower Clematis pitcheri Ranunculaceae Scarce
Plainleaf pussytoes Antennaria parlinii Asteraceae Common
Plains clover, low hop clover Trifolium campestre Fabaceae Common
Plains coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria Asteraceae Scattered
Plains wild indigo Baptisia bracteata Fabaceae Scattered
Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans Anacardiaceae Common
Pokeweed, poke Phytolacca americana Phytolaccaceae Scattered
Possum grape, ivy treebine Cissus incisa Vitaceae Scarce
Post oak Quercus stellata Fagaceae Abundant
Potato dandelion Krigia dandelion Asteraceae Scattered
Powdery thalia Thalia dealbata Marantaceae Scarce
Prairie acacia Acacia angustissima Mimosaceae Scattered
Prairie cup grass Eriochloa contracta Gramineae Scarce
Prairie groundsel or ragwort Senecio plattensis Asteraceae Scattered
Prairie parsley, parsnip Polytaenia nuttallii Apiaceae Scattered
Prairie rose, meadow pink Sabatia campestris Gentianaceae Scattered
Prairie wedge scale Sphenopholis obtusata Gramineae Unknown
Prickly lettuce Lactuca sativa Asteraceae Common
Prickly sida, mallow Sida spinosa Malvaceae Scarce
Privet hedge, Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Oleaceae Scarce
Prostrate knotweed Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae Scarce
Purple camphor weed, marsh fleabane Pluchea odorata Asteraceae Scarce
Purple cudweed Gnaphalium purpureum Asteraceae Scarce
Purple meadow rue Thalictrum dasycarpum Ranunculaceae Unknown
Purple poppy mallow, wine-cup Callirhoe involucrata Malvaceae Common
Purple prairie clover Petalostemon purpureum Fabaceae Scattered
Purple three-awn Aristida purpurea Gramineae Unknown
Purpletop Tridens flavus Gramineae Common
Queen’s-delight Stillingia sylvatica Euphorbiaceae Scattered
Raccoon grape Ampelopsis cordata Vitaceae Scarce
Rain lily, cebolleta Cooperia drummondii Amaryllidaceae Scattered
Rattlebox Crotalaria sagittalis Fabaceae Scarce
Rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum Ophioglossaceae Scattered
Red love grass Eragrostis secundiflora Gramineae Scattered
Red mulberry Morus rubra Moraceae Scattered
Red-spotted horsemint Monarda russeliana Lamiaceae Scattered
Redbud Cercis canadensis Fabaceae Common
Rescue grass Bromus unioloides Gramineae Scattered
Robin’s plantain Erigeron pulchellus Asteraceae Scattered
Rocky muhly Muhlenbergia sobolifera Gramineae Unknown
Rose acacia Robinia hispida Fabaceae Scarce
Rose vervain Verbena canadensis Verbenaceae Common
Roses Rosa spp. Rosaceae Scattered
Rough buttonweed, poor joe Diodia teres Rubiaceae Scattered
Rough pennyroyal Hedeoma hispidum Lamiaceae Unknown
Rough pigweed, redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthaceae Scattered
Rough-leaved dogwood Cornus drummondii Cornaceae Scattered
Roughhair golden aster Chrysopsis villosa Asteraceae Scattered
Rugel’s plantain Plantago rugelii Plantaginaceae Scarce
Rushes Juncus spp. Juncaceae Scattered
Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia Elaeagnaceae Scarce
Rusty black haw Viburnum rufidulum Caprifoliaceae Common
Rye Secale cereale Gramineae Scarce
Ryegrass Lolium perenne Gramineae Common

 
a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns.

b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence:

  • Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas.
    Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas.
    Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community
    Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed.
  • Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as “scarce.”
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