Plants of the NFWU: Common Name, D-L

The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc.

Plants of the NFWU: Common Name, D-L


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White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

Appendix A Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Unit^a Listed by common name: D-L
Common name	Scientific name	Family	Relative occurrence^b
Daisy fleabane	Erigeron strigosus	Asteraceae	Common
Dallis grass	Paspalum dilatatum	Gramineae	Scattered
Day primrose, half-shrub sundrops	Oenothera serrulata	Onagraceae	Unknown
Dayflower	Commelina communis	Commelinaceae	Scarce
Death camas	Zigadenus nuttallii	Liliaceae	Scarce
Deciduous holly	Ilex decidua	Aquifoliaceae	Scattered
Deertongue dichanthelium	Dichanthelium clandestinum	Gramineae	Scarce
Dewberries, blackberries	Rubus spp.	Rosaceae	Abundant
Dicliptera	Dicliptera brachiata	Acanthaceae	Scattered
Ditch stonecrop	Penthorum sedoides	Saxifragaceae	Scarce
Dodders	Cuscuta spp.	Convolvulaceae	Scattered
Downy agrimony, groovebur	Agrimonia pubescens	Rosaceae	Scarce
Downy brome	Bromus tectorum	Gramineae	Common
Downy milk pea	Galactia regularis	Fabaceae	Scarce
Downy yellow violet	Viola pubescens	Violaceae	Scarce
Dragonroot, green dragon	Arisaema dracontium	Araceae	Scattered
Drooping melonette	Melothria pendula	Cucurbitaceae	Scarce
Drummond sandwort	Arenaria drummondii	Caryophyllaceae	Scattered
Drummond’s wild onion	Allium drummondii	Liliaceae	Scattered
Dwarf dandelion	Krigia virginica	Asteraceae	Unknown
Dwarf larkspur	Delphinium tricorne	Ranunculaceae	Scarce
Earflower lobelia	Lobelia appendiculata	Lobeliaceae	Scarce
Early buttercup, tufted buttercup	Ranunculus fascicularis	Ranunculaceae	Unknown
Early scorpion grass	Myosotis verna	Boraginaceae	Unknown
Eastern gama grass	Tripsacum dactyloides	Gramineae	Scarce
Eastern red cedar	Juniperus virginiana	Cupressaceae	Scattered
Ebony spleenwort	Asplenium platyneuron	Aspleniaceae	Unknown
Elderberry	Sambucus canadensis	Caprifoliaceae	Scattered
Elephant’s foot	Elephantopus carolinianus	Asteraceae	Scattered
Elm leaf goldenrod	Solidago ulmifolia	Asteraceae	Scattered
Engelmann prickly pear	Opuntia engelmannii	Cactaceae	Scattered
Erect dayflower	Commelina erecta	Commelinaceae	Scarce
Eve’s necklace	Sophora affinis	Fabaceae	Scarce
Eyebane	Euphorbia nutans	Euphorbiaceae	Unknown
Fall witchgrass	Leptoloma cognatum	Gramineae	Scattered
False dandelion	Pyrrhopappus carolinianus	Asteraceae	Unknown
False dandelion	Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus	Asteraceae	Scattered
False indigo	Amorpha fruticosa	Fabaceae	Scattered
False starwort, boltonia	Boltonia asteroides	Asteraceae	Scattered
Farkleberry	Vaccinium arboreum	Ericaceae	Scarce
Field ground-cherry	Physalis viscosa	Solanaceae	Unknown
Field paspalum	Paspalum laeve	Gramineae	Scattered
Field pennycress, stinkweed	Thlaspi arvense	Brassicaceae	Scarce
Flat sedges	Cyperus spp.	Cyperaceae	Common
Flat-topped goldenrod	Solidago nitida	Asteraceae	Scattered
Florida paspalum	Paspalum floridanum	Gramineae	Scattered
Flowering dogwood	Cornus florida	Cornaceae	Scattered
Fourpoint evening primrose	Oenothera rhombipetala	Onagraceae	Scarce
Foxtail millet	Setaria italica	Gramineae	Scarce
Fragrant sumac, skunkbush	Rhus aromatica	Anacardiaceae	Common
Giant cane	Arundinaria gigantea	Gramineae	Scattered
Giant goldenrod	Solidago gigantea	Asteraceae	Scattered
Giant ragweed, horseweed	Ambrosia trifida	Asteraceae	Common
Glinus	Glinus lotoides	Aizoaceae	Scarce
Globe flat sedge	Cyperus ovularis	Cyperaceae	Common
Golden Alexanders	Zizia aurea	Apiaceae	Unknown
Golden aster, camphor weed	Heterotheca latifolia	Asteraceae	Scattered
Goose grass	Eleusine indica	Gramineae	Scarce
Grapes	Vitis spp.	Vitaceae	Scattered
Green ash	Fraxinus pennsylvanica	Oleaceae	Common
Green bristle grass	Setaria viridis	Gramineae	Scarce
Green hawthorn	Crataegus viridis	Rosaceae	Unknown
Green milkweed, spider milkweed	Asclepias viridis	Asclepiadaceae	Common
Greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier	Smilax bona-nox	Liliaceae	Common
Grooved flax	Linum sulcatum	Linaceae	Scarce
Ground ivy	Glecoma hederacea	Lamiaceae	Unknown
Groundsel	Senecio imparipinnatus	Asteraceae	Unknown
Gummy love grass	Eragrostis curtipedicellata	Gramineae	Unknown
Hackberries	Celtis spp.	Ulmaceae	Common
Hairy bedstraw	Galium pilosum	Rubiaceae	Scattered
Hairy blue curls, phacelia	Phacelia hirsuta	Hydrophyllaceae	Scarce
Hairy crabgrass	Digitaria sanguinalis	Gramineae	Common
Hairy fruit wild chervil	Chaerophyllum tainturieri	Apiaceae	Scattered
Hairy grama	Bouteloua hirsuta	Gramineae	Scarce
Hairy sunflower, coarse sunflower	Helianthus hirsutus	Asteraceae	Scattered
Hairy vetch, woollypod vetch	Vicia villosa	Fabaceae	Scattered
Hawthorns	Crataegus spp.	Rosaceae	Scattered
Heartleaf avens, water avens	Geum vernum	Rosaceae	Scarce
Heartwing sorrel, heart sorrel	Rumex hastatulus	Polygonaceae	Scattered
Heath aster, wreath aster	Aster ericoides	Asteraceae	Scattered
Hedge parsley	Torilis arvensis	Apiaceae	Common
Henbit	Lamium amplexicaule	Lamiaceae	Common
Hoary tick clover, beggar’s-lice	Desmodium canescens	Fabaceae	Scattered
Hog peanut	Amphicarpa bracteata	Fabaceae	Scarce
Honewort	Cryptotaenia canadensis	Apiaceae	Scattered
Honey locust	Gleditsia triacanthos	Fabaceae	Common
Horsemint, spotted bee balm	Monarda punctata	Lamiaceae	Scattered
Horseweed, mare’s tail	Conyza canadensis	Asteraceae	Common
Illinois bundleflower	Desmanthus illinoensis	Fabaceae	Scattered
India heliotrope, turnsole	Heliotropium indicum	Boraginaceae	Scarce
Indian blanket, fire wheels	Gaillardia pulchella	Asteraceae	Scarce
Indian grass	Sorghastrum nutans	Gramineae	Common
Indian hemp, prairie dogbane	Apocynum cannabinum	Apocynaceae	Scattered
Indian paintbrush	Castilleja coccinea	Scrophulariaceae	Common
Indian paintbrush	Castilleja indivisa	Scrophulariaceae	Scattered
Indian physic, American ipecac	Gillenia stipulata	Rosaceae	Scarce
Indian plantain, prairie plantain	Cacalia plantaginea	Asteraceae	Unknown
Inland sea oats	Chasmanthium latifolium	Gramineae	Common
Iris, flag	Iris spp. (propagated)	Iridaceae	Scarce
Ivyleaf morning glory	Ipomoea nil	Convolvulaceae	Scattered
Japanese brome	Bromus japonicus	Gramineae	Common
Japanese clover, common lespedeza	Lespedeza striata	Fabaceae	Common
Japanese honeysuckle	Lonicera japonica	Caprifoliaceae	Scarce
Jerusalem artichoke	Helianthus tuberosus	Asteraceae	Scarce
Jimsonweed	Datura stramonium	Solanaceae	Scarce
Johnny-jump-up, field pansy	Viola bicolor	Violaceae	Scattered
Johnson grass	Sorghum halepense	Gramineae	Common
Juniperleaf	Polypremum procumbens	Loganiaceae	Scarce
Knotroot bristle grass	Setaria geniculata	Gramineae	Common
Korean clover, Korean lespedeza	Lespedeza stipulacea	Fabaceae	Scattered
Lady’s thumb, spotted smartweed	Polygonum persicaria	Polygonaceae	Scattered
Lamb’s-quarters	Chenopodium album	Chenopodiaceae	Scattered
Lanceleaf ragweed	Ambrosia bidentata	Asteraceae	Common
Leadplant	Amorpha canescens	Fabaceae	Scarce
Least daisy	Chaetopappa asteroides	Asteraceae	Unknown
Leavenworth eryngo	Eryngium leavenworthii	Apiaceae	Scattered
Limestone ruellia, wild petunia	Ruellia strepens	Acanthaceae	Scattered
Little barley	Hordeum pusillum	Gramineae	Scattered
Little bluestem	Schizachyrium scoparium	Gramineae	Abundant
Longbeard hawkweed	Hieracium longipilum	Asteraceae	Scarce
Longleaf tick clover	Desmodium cuspidatum	Fabaceae	Scarce
Longspike tridens	Tridens strictus	Gramineae	Scattered
Loosestrife	Lythrum alatum	Lythraceae	Scattered
Loosestrifes	Lysimachia spp.	Primulaceae	Unknown
Lotus lily, American lotus	Nelumbo lutea	Nymphaeaceae	Scarce
Low ruellia, fringed-leaf ruellia	Ruellia humilis	Acanthaceae	Scattered
Lyreleaf sage	Salvia lyrata	Lamiaceae	Unknown
^a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns. ^b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence: Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas. Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas. Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed. Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as “scarce.”

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