Plants of the NFWU: Common Name, A-C

The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc.

Plants of the NFWU: Common Name, A-C


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White-Tailed Deer:
Their Foods & Management in the Cross Timbers

Table of Contents & Preface
Introduction

Habitat requirements
   General concepts
   Food requirements
         Methods used to gather data
         Overall use of forage classes
         Seasonal use of forages
         Specific seasonal deer diets
               Spring
               Summer
               Fall
               Winter
               Summary
   Cover requirements
   Water requirements
   Space requirements

Habitat management
   General concepts
   Food management
   Cover management
   Water management
   Space management

Population health/evaluation
   Introduction & aging deer
   Body size & antler characteristics
   Fat deposits
   Reproductive success

Population management
   Introduction
   Population inventory
         Harvest records
         Deer surveys
   Population regulation
         Potential mng't goals

Conclusion/additional info

References

Appendix A:
Plants of the NFWU

Appendix B:
Deer diets on the NFWU

Appendix C:
Pictures and descriptions of
important deer food plants in the
Cross Timbers region

Glossary for Appendix C

Appendix A Plants of the Noble Foundation Wildlife Unit^a Listed by common name: A-C
Common name	Scientific name	Family	Relative occurrence^b
American bugleweed	Lycopus americanus	Lamiaceae	Scarce
American elm	Ulmus americana	Ulmaceae	Scattered
American germander	Teucrium canadense	Lamiaceae	Scattered
Annual false ragweed, sumpweed	Iva annua	Asteraceae	Common
Arkansas dogshade	Limnosciadium pinnatum	Apiaceae	Unknown
Arrowfeather three-awn	Aristida purpurascens	Gramineae	Unknown
Arrowheads	Sagittaria spp.	Alismataceae	Scarce
Arrowleaf aster, blue wood aster	Aster drummondii	Asteraceae	Unknown
Arrowleaf clover	Trifolium vesiculosum	Fabaceae	Scattered
Ashy sunflower	Helianthus mollis	Asteraceae	Scattered
Asters	Aster spp.	Asteraceae	Common
Autumn olive	Elaeagnus umbellata	Elaeagnaceae	Scarce
Azure blue sage	Salvia azurea	Lamiaceae	Scarce
Barbara’s buttons	Marshallia caespitosa	Asteraceae	Unknown
Barnyard grass	Echinochloa crusgalli	Gramineae	Scattered
Beach agalinus	Agalinus fasciculata	Scrophulariaceae	Scarce
Beak rushes	Rhynchospora spp.	Cyperaceae	Unknown
Beaked panicum	Panicum anceps	Gramineae	Common
Beakgrain	Diarrhena americana	Gramineae	Unknown
Bermuda grass	Cynodon dactylon	Gramineae	Abundant
Big bluestem	Andropogon gerardii	Gramineae	Common
Big-tree plum, Mexican plum	Prunus mexicana	Rosaceae	Common
Bigflower coreopsis, tickseed	Coreopsis grandiflora	Asteraceae	Common
Black cherry, wild cherry	Prunus serotina	Rosaceae	Scarce
Black gum, water tupelo	Nyssa sylvatica	Nyssaceae	Scarce
Black hickory	Carya texana	Juglandaceae	Common
Black locust	Robinia pseudo-acacia	Fabaceae	Scarce
Black nightshade	Solanum ptycanthum	Solanaceae	Scarce
Black oak	Quercus velutina	Fagaceae	Common
Black walnut	Juglans nigra	Juglandaceae	Scarce
Black willow	Salix nigra	Salicaceae	Scattered
Black-eyed Susan	Rudbeckia hirta	Asteraceae	Common
Blackjack oak	Quercus marilandica	Fagaceae	Common
Blood polygala	Polygala sanguinea	Polygalaceae	Unknown
Bloodleaf, judas bush	Iresine rhizomatosa	Amaranthaceae	Scarce
Blue vine, sand vine, honey vine	Cynanchum laeve	Asclepiadaceae	Scarce
Blue violet	Viola sororia	Violaceae	Unknown
Blue waxweed, clammy cuphea	Cuphea viscosissima	Lythraceae	Scarce
Blue-eyed grass	Sisyrinchium angustifolium	Iridaceae	Scattered
Bluets	Hedyotis spp.	Rubiaceae	Common
Blunt-lobed cliff fern	Woodsia obtusa	Aspleniaceae	Unknown
Bog hemp, false nettle	Boehmeria cylindrica	Urticaceae	Scarce
Bog yellow cress	Rorippa palustris	Brassicaceae	Scattered
Bosc dichanthelium	Dichanthelium ravenelii	Gramineae	Scattered
Bottlebrush plantain, buckhorn	Plantago aristata	Plantaginaceae	Scattered
Box elder	Acer negundo	Aceraceae	Common
Bracted vervain	Verbena bracteata	Verbenaceae	Scarce
Brazilian verbena	Verbena brasiliensis	Verbenaceae	Scarce
Bristly greenbrier	Smilax tamnoides	Liliaceae	Scattered
Broadleaf signal grass	Brachiaria platyphylla	Gramineae	Scarce
Broadleaf snoutbean	Rhynchosia latifolia	Fabaceae	Scarce
Broom sedge bluestem	Andropogon virginicus	Gramineae	Abundant
Brown-eyed Susan	Rudbeckia triloba	Asteraceae	Scattered
Buckhorn plantain	Plantago lanceolata	Plantaginaceae	Scattered
Buckthorn, indian cherry	Rhamnus caroliniana	Rhamnaceae	Scarce
Buffalo bur	Solanum cornutum	Solanaceae	Scattered
Buffalo gourd, wild pumpkin	Cucurbita foetidissima	Cucurbitaceae	Scarce
Buffalo grass	Buchloe dactyloides	Gramineae	Scarce
Bull nettle	Cnidoscolus texanus	Euphorbiaceae	Scarce
Bullhead, goathead, puncture vine	Tribulus terrestris	Zygophyllaceae	Scarce
Bulrushes	Scirpus spp.	Cyperaceae	Unknown
Bundleflower, prairie bundleflower	Desmanthus leptolobus	Fabaceae	Scattered
Bur oak	Quercus macrocarpa	Fagaceae	Scattered
Bush clover, roundhead lespedeza	Lespedeza capitata	Fabaceae	Scarce
Bushy seedbox	Ludwigia alternifolia	Onagraceae	Scarce
Butterfly milkweed	Asclepias tuberosa	Asclepiadaceae	Scattered
Butterfly pea, pigeonwings	Clitoria mariana	Fabaceae	Scarce
Button clover, button medic	Medicago orbicularis	Fabaceae	Scarce
Button snakeroot	Eryngium yuccifolium	Apiaceae	Scarce
Buttonbush, globeflower	Cephalanthus occidentalis	Rubiaceae	Scattered
Camphor weed	Pluchea camphorata	Asteraceae	Scarce
Canada bluegrass	Poa compressa	Gramineae	Scarce
Canada brome	Bromus pubescens	Gramineae	Scarce
Canada sanicula, snakeroot	Sanicula canadensis	Apiaceae	Scattered
Canada wild rye	Elymus canadensis	Gramineae	Common
Canary grass	Phalaris canariensis	Gramineae	Scarce
Cardinal flower	Lobelia cardinalis	Lobeliaceae	Scarce
Carolina anemone	Anemone caroliniana	Ranunculaceae	Scarce
Carolina canary grass, maygrass	Phalaris caroliniana	Gramineae	Scarce
Carolina cranesbill	Geranium carolinianum	Geraniaceae	Common
Carolina horse nettle	Solanum carolinense	Solanaceae	Common
Carolina jointtail, joint grass	Coelorachis cylindrica	Gramineae	Scarce
Carolina larkspur	Delphinium carolinianum	Ranunculaceae	Scarce
Carolina snail-seed, moonseed	Cocculus carolinus	Menispermaceae	Common
Carpetweed	Mollugo verticillata	Aizoaceae	Scarce
Catchweed bedstraw	Galium aparine	Rubiaceae	Scattered
Catclaw sensitive brier	Schrankia nuttallii	Mimosaceae	Scattered
Cattails	Typha spp.	Typhaceae	Scarce
Celestial lily, prairie iris	Nemastylis geminiflora	Iridaceae	Scarce
Chapman bluegrass	Poa chapmaniana	Gramineae	Scarce
Chickasaw plum, sandhill plum	Prunus angustifolia	Rosaceae	Scarce
Chinquapin oak	Quercus muhlenbergii	Fagaceae	Scattered
Chittamwood, woolly buckthorn	Bumelia lanuginosa	Sapotaceae	Scattered
Church mouse three-awn	Aristida dichotoma	Gramineae	Unknown
Cigar tree, northern catalpa	Catalpa speciosa	Bignoniaceae	Scarce
Clammy chickweed	Cerastium glomeratum	Caryophyllaceae	Scattered
Clasping Venus’s looking-glass	Triodanis perfoliata	Campanulaceae	Scattered
Climbing prairie rose	Rosa setigera	Rosaceae	Unknown
Cluster sanicula, snakeroot	Sanicula gregaria	Apiaceae	Scattered
Cocklebur	Xanthium strumarium	Asteraceae	Common
Cockspur hawthorn, red haw	Crataegus crus-galli	Rosaceae	Unknown
Coffee senna, coffeeweed	Cassia occidentalis	Fabaceae	Scarce
Coffee-bean sesbania	Sesbania macrocarpa	Fabaceae	Scarce
Common beaked corn salad	Valerianella radiata	Valerianaceae	Scattered
Common broomweed	Gutierrezia dracunculoides	Asteraceae	Scattered
Common chickweed	Stellaria media	Caryophyllaceae	Scarce
Common dandelion	Taraxacum officinale	Asteraceae	Common
Common dwarf dandelion	Krigia cespitosa	Asteraceae	Unknown
Common evening primrose	Oenothera biennis	Onagraceae	Scattered
Common mouse-ear chickweed	Cerastium fontanum	Caryophyllaceae	Scattered
Common mullein	Verbascum thapsus	Scrophulariaceae	Scattered
Common pear	Pyrus communis	Rosaceae	Scarce
Common perilla	Perilla frutescens	Lamiaceae	Scarce
Common ragweed	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Asteraceae	Common
Common self-heal, heal-all	Prunella vulgaris	Lamiaceae	Scattered
Common six-weeks grass	Vulpia octoflora	Gramineae	Unknown
Common speedwell, corn speedwell	Veronica arvensis	Scrophulariaceae	Scattered
Common sundrops	Oenothera fruticosa	Onagraceae	Scattered
Common sunflower	Helianthus annuus	Asteraceae	Scattered
Common witchgrass	Panicum capillare	Gramineae	Scattered
Compass plant	Silphium laciniatum	Asteraceae	Scarce
Coneflower, clasping coneflower	Dracopis amplexicaulis	Asteraceae	Scattered
Coralberry, buckbrush	Symphoricarpos orbiculatus	Caprifoliaceae	Abundant
Coreopsis beggar-ticks	Bidens aristosa	Asteraceae	Scattered
Cottonwood	Populus deltoides	Salicaceae	Scattered
Creek plum, hog plum	Prunus rivularis	Rosaceae	Scarce
Creeping lespedeza	Lespedeza repens	Fabaceae	Scattered
Creeping seedbox	Ludwigia glandulosa	Onagraceae	Unknown
Creeping water primrose	Jussiaea peploides	Onagraceae	Common
Croton, tropic croton	Croton glandulosus	Euphorbiaceae	Common
Crow poison	Nothoscordum bivalve	Liliaceae	Scattered
Crownbeard	Verbesina helianthoides	Asteraceae	Scarce
Curltop smartweed, pale smartweed	Polygonum lapathifolium	Polygonaceae	Scattered
Curly dock	Rumex crispus	Polygonaceae	Common
Cut-leaf evening primrose	Oenothera laciniata	Onagraceae	Scattered
Cut-leaf ground-cherry	Physalis angulata	Solanaceae	Scattered
^a Contains all terrestrial and emersed aquatic flowering plants identified on the NFWU. Also includes a few miscellaneous plants such as mushrooms and ferns. ^b The relative occurrence of plant species is based on subjective evaluation. The following categories are used to classify relative occurrence: Abundant—Easy to find; often a dominant over large areas. Common—Easy to find; seldom a dominant over large areas. Scattered—Not extremely difficult to find, but more so than ”common”; often thick with patchy distribution or sparse with good distribution; not dominant in the plant community Scarce—Difficult to find; often found in relatively small pockets; not well distributed. Unknown—Plants have been identified on the NFWU, but the authors are unfamiliar with them; most of these plants would probably be categorized as “scarce.”

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