Preparation is the first defense against the effects of wildfire on livestock. A key item is an evacuation plan that considers the most logical directions smoke and fire may be traveling. In this immediate area, that’s generally north or south. When formulating an evacuation plan, ask the questions “Is there a pasture less likely to be affected where the herd would be safer right now until conditions improve?” and “If there is enough time and warning during an actual fire emergency, where should the herd go and how do I get them there?”

The immediate danger to livestock in the path of a wildfire is at least three-fold: flames, smoke and panic. If a fire is moving relatively slowly, studies have shown that livestock will often find ways through the fire line and escape both the smoke and the flames without panicking. Direct injury from burns and smoke will depend on the intensity of the fire and length of exposure. The immediate damage is usually to eyes, udders, testicles, sheath and feet. Damage from burns and smoke inhalation can take days or weeks to show up. It is important to have livestock evaluated by a veterinarian to determine the extent of injury and to develop a treatment regime, if needed. Observation will be required for some time afterward.

Fire, and the continuing effects of drought in general, may necessitate herd reduction. Culling priorities will depend on your goals, current inventory, calving distribution, age structure, etc. Whatever criteria fit your situation best, one of your ultimate objectives should be a herd that is as uniform as possible in size, breed and stage of reproduction. Remember, poor disposition and physical problems that interfere with production should be high on any list of culling criteria.

Clay Wright
Livestock Specialist