Curriculum Vitae: Richard Dixon

Richard Arthur Dixon

Current Position Senior Vice President, Professor and Director, Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA

Current Research Interests Metabolic engineering of lignin and plant natural products for improvement of biomass utilization. Functional genomics approaches to understanding plant natural product biosynthesis.

Education D.Phil., Plant Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK, 1976 MA, University of Oxford, 1976 SERC Studentship, Botany School, University of Oxford, UK, 1973-1976 B.A., Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK, 1973 Ison Exhibition to Brasenose College, University of Oxford, UK, 1969-1973 Ashby de la Zouch Boy's Grammar School, UK, 1963-1969

Professional Experience
	Academic Positions
	Present: The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, Senior Vice President. The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma. Plant Biology Division, Professor and Director. 1988- Rice University, Houston, TX. Adjunct Professor, Biochemistry and Cellular Biology. 2003- University of Texas at Austin, Adjunct Professor, Botany. 1993-1998. Adjunct Professor, Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, 1998- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, Adjunct Professor, Botany and Microbiology. 1994-

	Past: University of York, UK. Center for Novel Agricultural Products. Visiting Chair in Phytochemical Genomics. 2003-2006 Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Biological Chemistry. 1997-2005 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Adjunct Professor, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1988-2005 Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, U.K. Honorary Visiting Research Professor. 1995-2003 University of London, U.K. Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Department of Biochemistry: Lecturer. 1978-1985 Reader in Plant Biochemistry. 1985-1988 Honorary Research Fellow. 1988-1990 University of Cambridge, U.K. Department of Biochemistry, Postdoctoral Research Assistant, 1976-1978

	Recognition, Honors and Special Lectures: ( past 5 years) Elected to membership in the US National Academy of Sciences, May 1, 2007 Pioneers in Genomics Lecturer, University of Illinois, October 2006 Loomis Lecturer, Iowa State University, March 2005 Dermot P. Coyne Lectureship, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, October 2004 Named as a "Top Prinicpal Investigator" in Science magazine, September 2004 Awarded Doctor of Science degree, University of Oxford, UK, March 2004

	Committees and Editorial Boards (past 5 years)
	Grant and program review panels: Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technolgy, Technical Advisory Committee, Plant Sciences Research Program. 2006- Committees and elected offices Member of the Electorate Nominating Committee, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Section on Agriculture, Food and Renewable Resources. 2007-2010 Member of the Advisory Board, EPOBIO - Realising the economic potential of sustainable resources - bioproducts from non-food crops. 2006- Member of the Advisory Board, Phytochemical Society of North America, 2001- Member of the Board, International Society for Plant Molecular Biology, 2000-2004 Editorial boards Editorial Board, Annual Review of Plant Biology (formerly Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology). 2001-2005 Editorial Board, Advances in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2001- Editorial Advisory Board, Trends in Plant Science. 2000- Editorial Board, Phytochemistry. 2000- Editorial Board, Planta. 2000- Editorial Board, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1991-

	Meetings Organized (past 5 years) Scientific Advisory Committee, 2007 Model Legumes Congress, Tunis, Tunisia Organizing Committee, International Model Legume Congress, Asilomar, CA, June 2005

	Invited Research Talks (past 5 years)
	2009 University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory course on Current Topics in Bioenergy Science, Knoxville, TN, February 2009 US Department of Energy Feedstock Genomics and Genomes to Life Meeting, Bethesda, MD, February 2009 International Association of Plant Biotechnology, Napier, New Zealand. February 2009 AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. February 2009 Second International Glucosinolate Conference, Helsingor, Denmark, May 2009 Plant Metabolic Engineering Gordon Conference, July 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists, Honolulu, HI, July 2009 Plant Cell Wall Gordon Conference, August 2009. Italian Society of Agricultural Genetics, Turino, Italy, Spetember 2009 International Conference of Plant Molecular Biology, St Louis, MO, October 2009 2007 John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK, January 2007 International Symposium on Secondary Metabolism in Plant Seeds: Current Status and Future Applications, German Society for Lipid Research, Potsdam, Germany, February 2007 Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Plant Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, March 2007 Mendel Biotechnology Inc, Hawyard, CA, March 2007 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, March 2007 US Department of Energy, 29th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Denver, CO, April 2007 Bio2007, Contributions of Plant Biotechnology to Human Health, Boston, MA, May 2007. Phytochemical Society of Europe Symposium on Plants for Human Health in the Postgenome Era, Helsinki, Finland, August 2007. University of Kentucky Fall Symposium "Through the Looking Glass of Molecular and Cellular Genetics of Plants, Lexington, KY, September 2007 VIth International Symposium on Natural Products, Chillan, Chile, October 2007 American Society of Agronomy International Annual meeting, New Orleans, November 2007 RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Japan, November 2007 Annual Symposium of the Phytochemical Society of Japan, Phytochemical Genomics, Tokyo, Japan, November 2007 2006 International Workshop on Anthocyanins, Rotorua, New Zealand, February 2006 AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand, February 2006 Society for In Vitro Biology, Minneapolis, MN, June 2006 15th Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology, Lyon, France, Plenary speaker, July 2006 American Society of Plant Biologists, Plenary speaker in symposium on "Plants mitigating global climate change", Boston, MA, August 2006 23rd International Conference on Polyphenols, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, August 2006 Suntory Ltd, Osaka, Japan BioJapan Conference- International Workshop on Plant Biotechnology for Production of Industrial Materials, Osaka, Japan Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan University of Illinois Institute for Genomic Biology, Pioneers in Genomics lecture series, Urbana, Il Symposium on "Research into plant secondary metabolites and medicinal phytocompounds", The Institutes of BioAgricultural Sciences (IBS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, December 2006. 2005 American Chemical Society,"Applications of Metabolomics in Agriculture", San Diego, CA Iowa State University, Loomis Lecturer and Minisymposium speaker Natural Preservatives in Food Systems, Princeton, NJ Molecular Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Texas at Austin University of California, Davis International Model legume Congress, Asilomar, CA 17th International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria 12th European Congress of Biotechnology, Copenhagen, Denmark Medicago Genomic Function and Response to Biotic Stress, Ardmore, OK Plant Cell Wall Seminar Series, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA Society of Chemical Industry Symposium, London, UK Pacifichem 2005, "Natural Products in Agriculture and Forestry: Structure, Function, and Utilization", Honolulu, Hawaii 2004 Oklahoma City Economic Club, Oklahoma City, OK Imperial College of London at Wye, UK University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill- North Carolina Plant Molecular Biology Consortium. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ United States Congress, Capitol Hill, Washington DC (congressional breakfast meeting). US Agricultural Research Service National Program 302 Assesment and Customer Workshop, St Louis, MO. Third International Congress on Plant Metabolomics, Ames, IA Galileo Pharmaceuticals, Sheffield, UK Metanomics Gmbh, Berlin. Germany Fourth Tannin Conference, American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, PA Department of Biology, University of York, UK Third Plant Genomics European Meeting, Lyon, France Presbyterian Health Foundation, Oklahoma City, "Meet the Scientist" University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. Dermot Coyne Distinguished Lectureship Western Regional American Society of Plant Biologists, Reno, Nevada. Keynoe lecture

	Grant Awards (past 5 years) Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology Basic Plant Sciences Program. Characterization of isoflavone C-glycosyltransferase genes. $90,000. 2007-2009 US Department of Energy. Systematic modification of monolignol pathway gene expression for improved lignocellulose utilization. $700,000. 2006-2009. National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program. A genomics approach to the synthesis and secretion of bioactive plant natural products. $1.4 million. 2006-2009 Forage Genetics International. Development of low-lignin silage maize (Co-PI with Dr Z-Y Wang [PI], J. Bouton). $159,750. 2006-2008 The State of Oklahoma. The consortium for legume research: an integrated approach to cotton root rot disease of alfalfa. (Co-PI with Drs J. Bouton, B. Roe, S. Marek, K. Mysore, M. Sledge and L.W. Sumner). $1,500,000. 2005-2007. US Department of Energy. Development of low lignin switchgrass for improved ethanol production. (Co-PI, with Drs Z-Y. Wang, F. Chen and J. Mielenz). $670,166. 2005-2008. National Science Foundation, Developing Countries Collaboration (Plant Genome Grant extension). A genomics approach to improvement of disease resistance in tea (Camellia sinensis). $99,000. 2005-2007. National Science Foundation, Metabolic Biochemistry Program. Structural and Functional Studies of Plant Natural Product Uridine Diphosphate Glycosyltransferases. (Co-PI with Dr Xiaoqiang Wang). $495,000. 2004-2007 Private sponsor. Genomics and transformation of novel legume crops (Co-PI with Dr Greg May). $620,360. 2004-2007 Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology/ Health Research Program. Genetic modification of health-promoting isoflavones. $135,000. 2002-2005 US Department of Energy. Deciphering the complex networks in monolignol formation, phenylpropanoid coupling and lignin assembly: an integrative approach Co-PI with Dr Norman Lewis, Washington State University). $330,000. 2002-2005 National Science Foundation. An integrated approach to functional genomics in a model legume (Co-PI with Dr Pedro Mendes, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute). $3.5 million. 2001-2005 Forage Genetics International. Genetic manipulation of lignin in alfalfa (($195,000). 2002-2004

	Current Membership of Scientific Societies American Society of Plant Physiologists Phytochemical Society of North America American Association for the Advancement of Science

Patents (past 5 years)
	Methods and compositions for determining enzymatic activity and specificity of methyltransferases. J.Noel, C. Zubieta and R.A. Dixon. Issued. US patent No. 7,384,759 Plant fatty acid amide hydrolases. K.D. Chapman, R. Shrestha and R.A. Dixon, Issued Jan 2008, US patent number 7,316,928 Genetic manipulation of condensed tannins. R.A. Dixon, N.L. Paiva, D. Xie, S. Sharma. Issued. European patent No. 1546335. Australian patent No. 60/392,562. Plant isoflavonoid hydroxylases and methods of used thereof. R.A. Dixon and C.-J. Liu. US patent number 7,442,851. Methods and compositions for modifying plant metabolic pathways. L. Tian and R.A. Dixon. Pending. Plant isoflavone and isoflavanone O-methyltransferase genes. Bettina E. Deavours, Chang-Jun Liu, Joseph P. Noel and Richard A. Dixon. Pending. *(Iso)flavonoid glycosyltransferases from the model legume Medicago truncatula.* Dixon, R.A., Modolo, L.V., Blount, J.W., He, X.Z.,Wang, X.Q. 2006. Pending. Modification of lignin biosynthesis. R.A. Dixon, M.S.S. Reddy and F. Chen. Provisional, filed July 2004. US and PCT filed July 2005. Plant N-acylethanolamine binding proteins. K.D. Chapman, S. Tripathi and R.A. Dixon. Provisional, filed July 2004. Vanillin biosynthetic pathway enzyme from Vanilla planifolia. D. Havkin-Frenkel, A. Podstolski, R.A. Dixon. US Patent, filed 2002. Genes of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. R.A. Dixon, L. Achnine, H. Suzuki and L. Wang, Provisional, filed March 2002, PCT filed March 2003. Flavonoid and Isoflavonoid Nutraceuticals. R.A. Dixon and C.-J. Liu. Pending. *Method for modifying lignin composition and increasing in vivo* digestibility of forages**. R.A. Dixon and D. Guo. Provisional. Filed 2000.

Publications (past 5 years)
Modolo, L.V., Escamilla-Trevino, L.L., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, X. (2009). Single amino acid mutations of Medicago glycosyltransferase UGT85H2 enhance activity and impart reversibility. FEBS Letters, in press. Marks, M.D., Wenger, J., Gilding, E., Jilk, R. and Dixon, R.A. (2009) Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type and gl3-sst sim trichomes identifies five additional genes required for trichome development. Molecular Plant, in press. Wang, G. and Dixon, R.A. (2009). Heterodimeric geranyl(geranyl)diphosphate synthase from hop (Humulus lupulus) and the evolution of monoterpene biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, in press. Marks, M.D., Tian, L., Soto-Fuentes, W., He, J, Gang, D.R., Weiblen, G.D. and Dixon, R.A. (2009) EST analysis of gene expression in the glands of a potent cultivar of Cannabis sativa. Journal of Experimental Botany, in press. Modolo, L.V., Reichert, A.I., and Dixon, R.A. (2009) Introduction to the different classes of biosynthetic enzymes. In Plant-Derived Natural Products, Synthesis, Function and Application. eds. Osbourn, A and Lanzotti, V., Springer, solicited review, in press. Modolo, L.V., Pang, Y., Tian, L. and Dixon, R.A. (2009). Gene discovery and metabolic engineering in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Recent Advances in Polyphenols Research, 1, 113-138. Peel, G.J., Modolo, L.V., Pang, Y. and Dixon, R.A. (2009) The LAP1 MYB transcription factor orchestrates anthocyanidin biosynthesis and glycosylation in Medicago. Plant Journal 59 (1), 136-149. Tian, L., Peel, G.J., Lei, Z., Aziz, N., Dai, X., He, J.,Watson, B., Zhao, P.X., Sumner, L.W. and Dixon, R.A. (2009). Transcript and proteomic analysis of developing white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) roots.BMC Plant Biology 9, 1 (online). Besser, K., Harper, A., Welsby,N., Schauvinhold,I., Slocombe^,S., Li, Y.,. Dixon, R.A. and Broun, P. (2009). Divergent regulation of terpenoid metabolism in the trichomes of wild and cultivated tomato species. Plant Physiology 149, 499-514. Uppalapati, S.R., Marek, S.M., Lee, H-K., Nakashima, J., Tang, Y., Sledge, M.K., Dixon, R.A. and Mysore, K.S. (2009) Global gene expression profiling during medicago truncatula–phymatotrichopsis omnivore interaction reveals a role for jasmonic acid, ethylene, and the flavonoid pathway in disease development. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 22, 7-17. Slocombe, S.P., Schauvinhold, I., McQuinn, R.P., Besser, K., Welsby, N.A., Harper, A., Aziz, N. Li, Y., Larson, T.R., Giovannoni, J., Dixon, R.A. and Broun, P. (2008) Genomic analysis of branched chain fatty acid and acyl sugar production in Solanum pennellii and Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Journal 148, 1830-1846. Marks, M.D., Gilding, E., Betancur, L., Chen, F., Bauer, S., Wenger, J.P., Sommerville, C., Dixon, R.A., and Haigler, C.H. (2008) A new method for isolating large quantities of Arabidopsis trichomes for transcriptome, cell wall and other types of analyses. Plant Journal 56, 483-492. Naoumkina, M. and Dixon, R.A. (2008) Subcellular localization of flavonoid natural products- a signaling function? Plant Signaling and Behavior 3, 573-575. Naoumkina, M., Vaghchhipawala, S., Tang, Y., Ben, Y., Powell, R.J. and Dixon, R.A. (2008) Metabolic and genetic perturbations accompany the modification of galactomannan in seeds of Medicago truncatula expressing mannan synthase from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Plant Biotechnology Journal 6, 619-631. Wang, G., Tian, L., Aziz, N., Broun, P., Dai, X., He, J., King, A., Zhao, P.X, and Dixon, R.A. (2008)Terpene biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Plant Physiology 148,1254-1266. Jackson, L.A., Shadle, G.L., Zhou, R., Nakashima, J., Chen, F., and Dixon, R.A. (2008). Improving saccharification efficiency of alfalfa stems through modification of the terminal stages of monolignol biosynthesis. BioEnergy Research 1, 180-192. Pang, Y., Peel, G.J., Sharma, S.B., Tang, Y. and Dixon, R.A. (2008). A transcript profiling approach reveals an epicatechin-specific glucosyltransferase expressed in the seed coat of Medicago truncatula. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 14210-14215. Farag, M.A., Huhman, D.V., Dixon, R.A. and Sumner, L.W. (2008).Metabolomics reveals novel pathways and differential mechanistic and elicitor-specific responses in phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula cell cultures. Plant Physiology 146, 387-402. Marina Naoumkina, XianZhi He and Richard A. Dixon (2008) Elicitor-induced transcription factors for metabolic reprogramming of secondary metabolism in Medicago truncatula. BMC Plant Biology 8, 132. Nakashima, J., Chen, F., Jackson, L., Shadle, G., and Dixon, R.A. (2008). Multi-site genetic modification of monolignol biosynthesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) - effects on lignin composition in specific cell types. New Phytologist 179, 738-750. Ralph, J., Brunow, G., Harris, P., Dixon, R.A. and Boerjan, W. (2008). Lignification: are lignins biosynthesized via simple combinatorial chemistry or via proteinaceous control and template replication? Recent Advances in Polyphenols Research 1, 36-66. He, X.-Z., Li, W.-S., Blount, J.W. and Dixon, R.A. (2008). Regioselective synthesis of plant flavonoid glycosides in E.coli. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 80, 253-260. Tian, L., Pang, Y. and Dixon, R.A. (2008). Biosynthesis and genetic engineering of proanthocyanidins and (iso)flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews 7, 445-465. Naoumkina, M., Torres-Jerez, I., Allen, S., He, J., Zhao, P. Dixon, R.A. and May, G.D. (2007) Analysis of cDNA libraries from developing seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). BMC Plant Biology 7, 62 (online). Yongzhen Pang, Gregory J. Peel, Elane Wright, Zengyu Wang, and Richard A. Dixon. (2007) Early steps in Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiology 145, 601-615. Naoumkina, M., Mohamed A. Farag, M.A., Sumner, L.W., Tang, Y., Liu, C.-J. and Dixon, R.A. (2007) Different mechanisms for phytoalexin induction by pathogen- and wound signals in Medicago truncatula. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104,17909-17915. Li Tian, Dean DellaPenna, Richard A. Dixon (2007) The pds2 mutation is a lesion in the Arabidopsis homogentisate solanesyltransferase gene involved in plastoquinone biosynthesis. Planta 226, 1067-1073. Dixon, R.A. (2007) Tom Mabry: Over 45 Years of Phytochemistry, Texas-Style. Natural Product Communications, in press. Marais, J.P.J., Deavours, B.E., Dixon, R.A. and Ferreira, D. (2007). The stereochemistry of flavonoids. In The Science of Flavonoids, ed E. Grotewold, Springer, in press. Farag, M.A., Deavours, B.E., De-Fatima, A., Naoumkina, M., Dixon, R.A. and Sumner, L.W. (2007) Integrated metabolite and transcript profiling identifies peroxidases involved in aurone biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula cell cultures. Plant Cell, in review. Peel, G.J. and Dixon, R.A. (2007) Detection and quantification of engineered proanthocyanidins in transgenic plants. Natural Product Communications 2, 1009-1014. Dixon, R.A., Bouton, J.H., Narasimhamoorthy, B., Saha, M., Wang, Z.-Y., and May, G.D. (2007). Beyond structural genomics for plant science. Advances in Agronomy 95, 77-161. Shrestha, R., Kim, S-C. Dyer, J.M., Dixon, R.A. and Chapman, K.D. (2007). Plant fatty acid (ethanol) amide hydrolases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Lipids, in press. Gail Shadle, Fang Chen, M.S.Srinivasa Reddy, Lisa Jackson, Jin Nakashima, Richard A. Dixon. (2007). Down-regulation of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:Shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in transgenic alfalfa affects lignification, development and forage quality. Phytochemistry 68, 1521-1529. Shao, H., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, X. (2007) Crystal structure of vestitone reductase from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Journal of Molecular Biology 369, 265-276. Modolo, L., Blount, J.W., Achnine, L., Naoumkina, M., Wang, X. and Dixon, R.A. (2007) A functional genomics approach to (iso)flavonoid glycosylation in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant Mol. Biol. 64, 499-518. Li, L., Modolo, L.V., Escamilla-Trevino, L.L., Achnine, L., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, X. (2007) Crystal structure of Medicago truncatula UGT85H2 - insights into the structural basis of a multifunctional (iso)flavonoid glycosyltransferase. Journal of Molecular Biology 370 (5), 951-963. Chen, F., and Dixon, R.A. (2007) Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production. Nature Biotechnology 25, 759-761. Tian, L., Blount, J.W., and Dixon, R.A. (2006) Phenylpropanoid glycosyltransferases from osage orange (Maclura Pomifera) fruit. FEBS Lett. 580, 6915-6920. Deavours, B.E., Liu, C.-J., Naoumkina, M.A., Tang, Y., Farag, M.A., Sumner, L.W., Noel, J.P. and Dixon, R.A. (2006). Functional analysis of members of the isoflavone and isoflavanone O-methyltransferase enzyme families from the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant Molecular Biology 62, 715-733. He, X., Wang, X. and Dixon, R.A. (2006) Mutational analysis of the Medicago glycosyltransferase UGT71G1 reveals residues that control regio-selectivity for (iso)flavonoid glycosylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, 34441-34447. Liu, C.-J., Deavours, B.E., Richard, S.B., Ferrer, J.-L., Blount, J.W., Huhman, D., Dixon, R.A. and Noel, J.P. (2006). Structural basis for dual functionality of isoflavonoid O-methyltransferases in the evolution of plant defense responses. Plant Cell 18, 3656-3669. Dixon, R.A., Gang, D.R., Charlton, A.J., Fiehn, O., Kuiper, H.A., Reynolds, T.L., Tjeerdema, R.S., Jeffrey, E.H., Germanb, J.B., Ridley, W.P. and Seiber, J.N. (2006). Perspective- Applications of metabolomics in agriculture. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 8984-8994. Wang, X., He, X., Lin, J., Shao, H., Chang, Z.Z. and Dixon, R.A. (2006) Crystal structure of isoflavone reductase from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Journal of Molecular Biology 358,1341-1352. Fang Chen, M.S Srinivasa Reddy, Stephen Temple, Lisa Jackson, Gail Shadle and Richard A. Dixon (2006) Multi-site genetic modulation of monolignol biosynthesis suggests new routes for the formation of syringyl lignin and wall-bound ferulic acid in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Journal 48, 113-124. Tian, L. and Dixon, R.A. (2006). Engineering isoflavone metabolism with an artificial bifunctional enzyme. Planta 224, 496-507. Wright, E., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, Z.-Y. (2006). Medicago truncatula transformation using cotyledon explants. In Agrobacterium Protocols (Ed. K. Wang), Humana Press, pp 129-135. Crane, C., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, Z.-TY. (2006). Medicago truncatula transformation using root explants. In "Agrobacterium Protocols" (Ed. K. Wang), Humana Press, pp 137-142. Crane, C., Wright, E., Dixon, R.A. and Wang, Z.-Y. (2006) Transgenic Medicago truncatula plants obtained from Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transformed roots and Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed hairy roots. Planta 223, 1344-1354. Xie, D.-Y., Sharma, S.B., Wright, E., Wang, Z.-Y. and Dixon, R.A. (2006). Engineering plants for introduction of health-beneficial proanthocyanidins. Plant Journal 45, 895-907. Dixon, R.A., Achnine, L., Deavours, B.E. and Naoumkina, M. (2006). Metabolomics and gene identification in plant natural product pathways. In: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, "Plant Metabolomics", edited by K. Saito, R. A. Dixon and L. Willmitzer, Springer, pp 243-259. Ralph, J., Akiyama, T., Kim, H., Lu, F., Schatz, P.F., Marita, J.M., Ralph, S.A., Reddy, M.S.S., Chen, F. and Dixon, R.A. (2006) Effects of coumarate 3-hydroxylase down-regulation on lignin structure. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, 8843-8853. Shao, H., He, X., Achnine, L., Blount, J.W., Dixon, R.A., and Wang, X. (2005). Crystal structures of a multifunctional triterpene/flavonoid glycosyltransferase from Medicago truncatula. Plant Cell 17, 3141-3154. Reddy, M.S.S., Chen, F., Shadle, G., Jackson, L., Aljoe, H. and Dixon, R.A. (2005). Targeted down-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes for forage quality improvement in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102, 16573-16578. Dixon, R.A. (2005). A two-for-one in tomato nutritional enhancement. Nature Biotechnology 23, 825-826. Lei, Z., Elmer, A.M., Watson, B.S., Dixon, R.A., Mendes, P.J. and Sumner, L.W. (2005). A 2-DE proteomics reference map and systematic identification of 1367 proteins from a cell suspension culture of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 4, 1812-1825. Dixon, R.A. (2005). Plant biotechnology kicks off into the 21st century (Editorial). Trends in Plant Science 10, 560-561. Bomati, E.K., Austin, M.B., Bowmann, M.E., Dixon, R.A. and Noel, J.P. (2005). Structural elucidation of chalcone reductase and implications for deoxychalcone biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 30496-30503. Deavours, B.E. and Dixon, R.A. (2005). Metabolic engineering of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Physiology 138, 2245-2259. Sharma, S.B. and Dixon, R.A. (2005). Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins by ectopic expression of transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal 44, 62-75. Kutchan, T and Dixon, R.A. (2005) Secondary metabolism: nature's chemical reservoir under deconvolution. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8, 227-229. Dixon, R.A. (2005) Engineering plant natural product pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8, 329-336. Aziz, N., Paiva, N.L., May, G.D. and Dixon, R.A. (2005). Profiling the transcriptome of alfalfa glandular trichomes. Planta 221, 28-38. Dixon, R.A., Xie, D.-Y., and Sharma, S.B. (2005). Tansley Review. Proanthocyanidins- a final frontier in flavonoid research. New Phytologist 165, 9-28. Broeckling, C.D., Huhman, D.V., Farag, M. Smith, J.T., May, G.D., Mendes, P., Dixon, R.A. and Sumner, L.W. (2005). Metabolic profiling of Medicago truncatula cell cultures reveals effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 56, 323-336. Suzuki, H., Reddy, M.S.S., Naoumkina, M., Aziz, N., May, G.D., Huhman, D.V., Sumner, L.W., Blount, J.W., Mendes, P., and Dixon, R.A. (2005). Methyl jasmonate and yeast elicitor induce differential transcriptional and metabolic re-programming in cell suspension cultures of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Planta 220, 696-707. Ferrer, J.L., Zubieta, C., Dixon, R.A. and Noel, J.P. (2005). Crystal structures of alfalfa caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase. Plant Physiology 137, 1009-1017. Xie, D.-Y. and Dixon, R.A (2005). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis- still more questions than answers? Phytchemistry 66, 2126-2143. Achnine, L., Huhman, D.V., Farag, M.A., Sumner, L.W., Blount, J.W. and Dixon, R.A. (2005) Genomics-based selection and functional characterization of triterpene glycosyltransferases from the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant Journal 41, 875-887. Watson, B.S, Lei, Z., Dixon, R.A. and Sumner, L.W. (2004). Proteomics of Medicago sativa cell walls. Phytochemistry 65, 1709-1720. Achnine, L., Blancaflor, E., Rasmussen, S. and Dixon, R.A. (2004). Co-localization of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase for metabolic channeling in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 16, 3098-3109. Dixon, R.A. (2004) Phytoestrogens. Annual Review of Plant Biology 55, 225-261. Xie, D.-Y., Sharma, S.B. and Dixon, R.A. (2004). Anthocyanidin reductases from Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 422, 91-102. May, G.D. and Dixon, R.A. (2004). Quick Guide- Medicago truncatula. Current Biology 14, R180-181. Hensley, K., Mou, S., Pye, Q., Dixon, R.A., Sumner, L.W. and Floyd, R.A. (2004). Chemical versus pharmacological actions of nutraceutical phytochemicals: antioxidant and anti inflammatory modalities. Journal of Nutraceutical Research 2, 13-26. Elmer, A.M., Broeckling, C.D., Chen, F., Dixon, R.A., Donnelly, B.E., Duran, A.L., Huhman, D.V., Lei, Z., Watson, B.S. and Sumner, L.W. (2004). Potential of integrated functional genomics in biosafety assessment. 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