Wildlife: July 2000

Switchgrass
Panicum viragatum

Characteristics: Switchgrass is a native warm season perennial adapted to a variety of habitats. It is a tall bunch grass capable of reaching 10 feet in height. The seed head is large, open, and pyramid-shaped with seeds on the tips of the branches. The broad leaves have a triangular patch of hair at the base. Stems are round. Switchgrass is strongly rhizomatous but also reproduces from seeds and tillers. It is adapted to withstand dry conditions and extended periods of freezing temperatures.

Area of Importance: Throughout Oklahoma and Texas.

Attributes: Switchgrass is an important component of the tallgrass prairie and is considered one of the "big four" (indiangrass, big bluestem, switchgrass and little bluestem). It is a high quality forage plant. Cattle prefer it. Its abundance in a native grass pasture is an indication of proper management. Several improved varieties of switchgrass have been developed for cattle forage. It has also been evaluated as an alternative fuel source.

I.D. Tip: Look for large, flat leaves with a triangular patch of hair at the base. Stems are round and seed heads are large, open and triangular-shaped. Switchgrass is often blue-green compared with other native grasses.

Hundreds of plants are identified in the Noble Foundation Plant Image Gallery.