Incorporating fertilizer prior to planting

A good seed-bed needs to be prepared prior to planting. Based on a soil test report, evenly apply fertilizer to beds and incorporate with a rototiller. In the absence of a soil test, apply a source of dolomitic lime, gypsum and a complete fertilizer such as 13-13-13. Apply each at a rate of 1lb. (1 pint) per 100 sq. ft. This 'shotgun' approach will insure a starter supply of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Replace any of the mix displaced during tilling. Smooth the soil surface using a garden rake.

When preparing crowned beds, use a garden rake to work soil towards the middle of the beds to form a high crown down the center. Gently lower the crown by working the soil back towards the edges, forming a uniformly curved surface crowned a few inches in the middle. (Note: Before proceeding with seedbed preparation, you'll need to install drip irrigation if you plan to use plastic mulch. Refer to the following chapter for details.)

Next, firm the soil surface. This can be done one of two ways. A commonly practiced method is to thoroughly soak the beds. If the surface has dried before you start watering, it might shed water. If this is the situation, apply several light sprinklings until the surface is sufficiently moist to break the surface tension. Once the surface tension is broken, you can water the beds heavily.

An even better way to firm the soil surface is to use a turf roller. A couple of trips over the beds using the roller creates a smooth, firm seed bed. Normally there is no need to fill the roller with water. Most turf rollers are heavy enough empty to do a good job for this particular purpose. Test bed firmness by gently pressing on the surface with an open hand. If no depression is created, you're ready to proceed to the next step.

Forming crowned beds

Firming the soil with a turf roller